During these decade, the classical orchestra mainly developed in Universities as extracurricular activity for students which include. In 1960s to 1980s classical music in Indonesia aired mainly by the national radio broadcasting service Radio Republik Indonesia and the national TV station Televisi Republik Indonesia through their programs. In 2010 Jakarta Symphony Orchestra staged a comeback after a fairly long absence. In 1950, a merger of the Cosmopolitan Orchestra under Joel Cleber and the Jakarta Studio Orchestra under Sutedjo and Iskandar appeared as the Djakarta Radio Orchestra under Henkie Strake for classical repertoires, and the Jakarta Studio Orchestra led by Syaiful Bachri specialized in Indonesian pieces. Today it is known as that has existed in the country's musical world for almost a century through its changing formats to suit prevailing trends and needs. An amateur group called 'Bataviasche Philharmonic Orchestra' was established in Dutch Colonial times, later it turned into the NIROM orchestra, as soon as the radio broadcasting station Nederlandsch-Indische Radio Omroep Maatschappij was born in 1912. The type of western-derived music that transcends the social barrier at that time was Kroncong, known as the lower-class music.
Associated as the music of refined, wealthy and educated high class citizen, the exclusive and prestigious classical music never penetrate the whole population during East Indies colonial era. De Schouwburg van Batavia (today Gedung Kesenian Jakarta) was designed as concert hall in 19th century. The have reached Indonesia since the era of as early as 18th century, enjoyed only by a handful of wealthy Dutch plantation owners and officers in elite social clubs and ballrooms such as Societeit Harmonie in and Societeit Concordia in. The kroncong divas, and, was instrumental in reviving the style in the 1980s. These patriotic songs can be sung in hymn or even in orchestra, but most often was sung in kroncong style known as kroncong perjuangan (struggle kroncong). The patriotic theme and romantic wartime romance was obvious in the works of, such as, Keroncong Serenata.
After the World War II and during Indonesian National Revolution (1945-1949) and afterwards, kroncong was associated with patriotism, since many of Indonesian poets and patriotic songs authors uses kroncong and somewhat jazz fusion as the genre of their works. Gesang himself remains the most renowned exponent of the style, which although it is seen now as a somewhat starchy and 'dated' form is still popular among large segments of the population, particularly the older generation. Over the years it has been re-released many times by notable artists, mainly within Asia but also beyond (like ), and in some places it is seen as typifying Indonesian music.
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